Automatic electric toaster



Dec. 21, 1943. OLVING 2,337,124

AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC TOASTER Filed Aug. 29, 1942 4 Sheets- Sheet lCRISPING EDIU QR P BROWNING [F CRISPING IN VEN TOR. BR 07-? G. 01. v/ivaATTORNEY Dec. 21, 1943. QLVING Y 2,337,124

AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC TOASTER a; o :Eii m7 55 737 L) 99 /4/" 'BY 3 I /J7 8/6/76 7 M Dec. 21, 1943. B. e. OLVlNG AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC TOAS TER 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 29. 1942 INVENTOR.

BRO}? G. 04 v/l'va BY ATTORNEY the line n-i: ofPlg.14,

'on the line 11-11 of Fig. 5,

- Patented Dec. 1, 1943 V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

" 1.331.124 I AUTOMATICEIICTRICTOASTII iii-or G. 01

I ware ,mm m -I mpan ElginJ lLaeu-pontionot Application August a, 1942,Serial No. 45s,!

8 Claims.- (CL 219-19) My invention relates to electric cooking devicesand particularly to automatic electric toasters adapted to toast orbrown a slice of bread and also to crisp or dry the slice of bread.

The main object of.my invention is to provide separate control means forsuch a toaster having associated therewith graduations or indicia' toindicate to a user the different degree of browning obtained with thetoaster when changing the degree of crisping effected by the toaster.

Other objects of my invention will either be pointed out during thecourse of the description of a toaster embodying my invention or. willbe evident therefrom without further reference thereto.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a toaster having embodiedtherein the mechanism enibodying my invention,

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view similar to that of Fig. 1 but showingmainly the control means set in different positions,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 2 but showing differentcontrol settings. I

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the parts shown in Fig.2,

Fig. 5 is a vertical lateral sectional view through the toaster taken onthe line 5-4 of Fig. 6, a Fig. 6 is a vertical fragmentary sectionalview taken on the line 68 of Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view, in side elevation, taken on the line 1-1of Fig. 5,

Fig. 8 is a-fragmentary vertical sectional view taken on the-line H 0!P18. 6,

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of'certain parts shown in Fig. 8,but illustrated in a slightly different position,

Fig. 10 is a fr mentary sectional view similar to Fig. 9 but showing theparts in slightly different position,

Fig. 11 is a diagram of the electric circuit connections for thetoaster, these parts being shown in inoperative or non-toastingpositions,

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on view taken Fig. 14 isaivertical sectional view taken on the-line ll-ll of'l'lg. 5, and,

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken on the line I5of Fig. 14.

As stated above, my invention relates particularly to dual-purposeautomatic electric tourist- Fig. 13 is a fragmentary ers whichareeffective to cause changes in two diiferent physicalconditions of aslice of bread subjected to heat from toast heating elements positionedwithin the toaster casing. The first of these physical conditions isthat of toasting or browning the surfaces of a slice of bread and thesecond of these physical conditions is that of.

crlsping or drying the slice of bread. The browning or toasting effectis applied to substantially only the surfaces, namely, the sides of aslice of trend but the crisping or drying thereof is effectivethroughout substantially all of the thickness of a slice of bread. Thetoasting operation usually results in a slice of bread having a brownedor toasted very thinouter surface portion only so that the center orinner portion of the slice of bread may 'still be, in substantially itsinitial condition. The crisping or drying effect, however, results incausing a browning or toasting effect throughout substantially theentire thickness of a slice of bread and the resultant slice of bread isfragile and may be easily broken or crumbled if desired.

I have found that when a single toast heating means, such as electricheating units are provided, and the browning and the crisping efiectsare obtained either simultaneously or in sequence, an increase in thedegree of browning or toasting effected when a thermal timer is used,

has no effect or does not change the degree of crisping or drying of thesame slice of bread. However, in-such a toaster a change in the degreeof crisping or drying called for by the operator who presets a controlknob does have an effect upon the degree of browning or toastingobtained.

This is due to the method used in an automatic electric toaster of thiskind where the length of time during which a slice of bread is subjectedto toasting heat is controlled by a thermal means so that thetemperature of the toasting chamber caused by electric heating elementsincreases 'from start'to finish of a toasting operation. In

order to subject the same slice of bread to-a crisping effect of thesame heating units for a preset length of time, a toaster of this kindprothese respective e'il'ects, I willuse the words soft,

casing 25 suitably secured to the upper surface portion of frame 23 inany suitable or desired manner. I may here point out that the details ofthe toaster structure other than thoseembodying my invention are shown.for illustrative. purposes only and my invention is not to be consideredas being limited to these respective details since they may be appliedto other forms of auto matic electric toasters efiective to obtain thesame general result.

As has already been stated, my invention applies particularly todual-purpose toasters effective to cause crisping or drying of a.sliceof bread, if desired, in addition to browning or toasting the same and Iprovide two control knobs 2i and 29 respectively, to control thedegreeof crisping and of browning obtained with the toaster. The controlknob 21 is provided with a pointer 3|, which pointer is adapted tocooperate with and point to one of the three indicia or graduations,soft," "medium crisp-and crisp which are provided on either the outersurface of the front portion of the casing 25 or may be provided on aplate or dial, it being understood that the crisping indications arefixed on or relative to the casing.

The above mentioned graduations, light,

The pointer 35, Fig. 2, may be turned to the indicia "light withoutchanging the position of knob 21 or pointer 3|, under which conditionslight brown toast having a medium crispness will be produced.Conversely, the pointer 35 may be moved to the indicia dark withoutchanging the position of pointer 3|, under which conditions dark browntoast having a medium crispness will be produced.

Referring to Fig. 3, thecrisping control knob 21 has been further movedto bring pointer 3| to the indicia crisp and disc 33 has been turned sothat indicia dark" is over the pointer 35, thus indicating that darkbrown toast having a maximum degree of crisping will be produced. Thebrowning controlpointer 35 as shown in Fig. 3 may be moved clockwise tothe indicia medium or to the indicia ligh without changing the positionof the crisping control pointer 3|,

From the above it is evident that in a toaster embodying my invention anoperator is made aware not only of the fact that there is a differencein the degree of browning, but also to the extent of this difference,when a change in degree of crisping is efiected by the crisping controlknob. The control mechanism has a flexibility permitting of manipulationof the control knobs whereby an operator may adjust the controls so thattoast having any degree of browning with any degree of crispness can beproduced.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 15 of the drawings,

the outer casing 25 may comprise two side plates longitudinallyextending openings 4| throughwhich slices of bread may be inserted intothe medium and dark for the browning controlr.

are adapted to be mounted on a rotatable disc 33 concentric with theknob 29, which knob it is to be noted may be turned by an operator andwhich has a pointer 35 thereon cooperating with the three indicia. Thedetails of construction of these parts will be referred to in due coursehereinafter.

First I will refer in general to the indications and'toastingadjustments which can be obtained by the manipulation of knobs 2'| and29, and the.

interrelationship between them,'as shown 1 to 4 of the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, the crisping pointer 3| inin Figs.

dicates the indicia soft" while the browning pointer 35 indicates light.At these control settings there will be produced light brown toasthaving no appreciable crisping. If. the crisping knob 21 is turnedcounterclockwise so that pointer 3| indicates medium crisp, as shown inFig. 2,

. It may be noted that the movement of knob 21 and pointer 3| do notaffect the position of pointer 35, the disc 33 only being moved in orderto change the position of the indicia,- on it, in relacondition asreferred tohereinbefore, that a I .change in degree of crisping willeflect a change in degree of browning. The functions as described aboveare to give an indication, to the operator, of the degree of change inbrowning effected with a change of crisping as indicated by the positionof pointers 3| and 35.

toasting chambers therebelow andgbe removed therefrom when heat treated.I provide further four planar flat, vertically extending heatingelements 43 and for illustrative purposes I have shown these asincluding plate or plates 45 of micahaving a resistor strip 41 woundthereon, all i in a manner well known in the art. I have shown fourheating elements 43 for a two-slice toaster and it is to be understoodthat a pair of such heating units are positioned a given distance apartto permit'of locating a slice of bread between each such par, the slicesof bread being supported by a bread carrier 43. This bread carrier isadapted to move vertically up and down in the toasting chamber and isbiased into its upper non-toasting position by a spring 5|, all in amanner well known inthe art.

In order to permit of moving one or the two bread carriers 43 upwardlyprdownwardly, I provide a vertical standard 53 in front of a frontintermediate wall 55 of the toaster having a carriage plate 5'!movableon the vertical. standard itself. The carriage plate 51 has sideportions to which the front end portions of the bread car riers aresecured,- all in a manner well known in the art. A rear intermediateplate 59 is provided tion to pointer 35, this in accordance with the.

- having one or more slots through which the rear end portions of thebread carriers extend to keep them properly alined relatively to thepair of spaced toast heatin elements.

Since it is desired to normally deenergize the toast heating elementshereinbefore described, I provide a main heater control switchcomprising a contact bridging member. 6| insulatediy supported 'by aresilient bracket 53 connected with the carriageplate 51, the contactbridging member 6| being adapted to engage with or' be disengaged fromtwo-stationary contact members 35 insulatedly mounted on a small bracket:1 secured to the front intermediate wall 55. The carriage 51 hassecured thereto a forwardly extending bar 69 adapted to move in a slotin the front vertical wall of portion 39 and has a knob ll mountedthereon outside of'the casing so that an operator can press downwardlyon the knob and bracket secured against the lower surface of in thiscase, the disengagement of contact bars 93 and 9|.

In order to vary' the temperature and therefore the length of timeduring which a slice ofbread is subjected to the browning or toastingoperation, the supporting means for the contact arms 9| and 93 whichincludes a block 91 of electric insulating material, has secured theretoor integral therewith, an arm 99 of substantially L-shape, which isadapted to engage with a cam llll fixedly mounted on and turnable with aman-' ually adjustable shaft I03, this shaft being supported in suitablebearing members W4 and a plate 15, which plate is secured against theupengage against the wedge-shaped surface of one side of arm 13 at itsupper end to cause it to move against the action of a biasing spring 8|associated with arm 13 until-extension 19 engages in the recess of thehook-shaped end as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings.

I provide thermal timing means for determining the length of time duringwhich a slice of bread 83 (see Fig. 12) is subjected to heat from thetoast heating elements, and this timing means may comprise a bimetal bar85 positioned in one of the two toasting chambers of a two-piece toastersupported by its upper end which is secured to a projection 91constituting a part of a vertically-extending bracket member 99. bracketmember may extend substantially vertically of the space between one ofthe outside toast heating elements and one of the. side walls 31 of thecasing, substantially as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, having'itsupper and lower ends connected to integral parts of the toasterstructure. The bracket 39 may have its lower end secured as by rivets,to bottom plate 11. (See Figs. 5

An auxiliary heater control switch for the toast heating elements 43comprises a substantially rigid contact arm 9| and a cooperableresilient contact arin 93 which are insulatedly mounted on a supportingbracket 95 (see Fig. '7) which bracket pivotally supports the twocontact bars 9| and 93 so that the positions of these two bars may bechanged relatively to the flexing end of the bimetal bar 95 which, aswill be seen by reference to Fig. .5; is the lower endof the bimetalbar. Bracket 95 is pivotally supported by a bearing 93 secured againstthe lower surface of bottom plate I1. I have illustrated, in Fig. 5 ofthe drawings, the heated-up or flexed position of the bimetal bar by thebroken lines, from which it will This be noted that when the bimetal bar85 has been subjected to heat for a predetermined length of time in atoasting chamber and hasbeen heated to a predetermined temperature, itwill flex in a clockwise direction (as seen in Fig. 5) to causedisengagement of resilient arm 93 from rigid arm 9| and therebyinterrupt the flow of current throughthe toaster. a

As is now well known in the art, a bimetal bar or, speaking moregenerally, a thermal element will operate as a timer when it issubjected to heat and it is, of course, possible to predetermine thetemperature of the thermal element at which it will cause the desiredresult, which latter is,

IM-A extending upwardly from plate 16 (see particularly Fig. 7). A smallcoil spring I05 is operatively connected with the pivotally mountedbracket 95 and-tends to bias a pin M1 on arm 99 against the surface ofcam member llll, all as shown particularly in Fig. 5 of the drawings. Itis, therefore, to be understood that a turning movement of knob 29 andtherefore of the shaft I03 with the cam llH fixedly mounted thereon, ina counter-clockwise direction, will cause movement ofthe contact bars 9land 93 in a' counter-clockwise direction so that the initialdistancebetween 9. lug I09, of electric-insulating material, on theouter end of contact arm 93, from the initial position of bimetal barwill be increased, so that the bimetal bar 95 must be subjected to thetemperature'of the toasting chamsay from the indicia light to theindicia medium and it is, .of course, tobe understood that the changesin the setting of the control means effected by such turning movement ofthe knob will agree'with the final degree of toasting to be obtained inthe use of such a toaster.

The degree of crisping or drying of the slice of bread is controlled bya second thermal element here shown as a bimetal bar H of substantiallyU-shape having its upper ends insulatedly supported on a bracket H3which extends substantially vertically in the front mechanism chamberofthe toaster and being secured to' horizontal plate 16. The bimetal barHI being positioned outside of the toasting chamber is not affected bythe temperature within the chamberyhowever; the temperature for flexingbar III is produced within itself by electrically connecting bar III inseries circuit with the toast heating element 43, as shown in Fig. 11,the design, construction and arrangement of the bimetal bar being suchthat when heated it will flex in a clockwise direction as indicated bybroken lines in Fig. 5.

As has already been hereinbefore stated, the. main timer control bimetalbar 35 is effective to interrupt the circuit through the toast heatingelements when the temperature of the toasting chamber or chambersreaches a given or preset value and this also interrupts the circuitthrough the" bimetal bar HI which then cools and'unflexes to theposition shown in full'lines in Fig. 5. The flexing and unflexing of barIII as seen in Fig. 5 is for a purpose now to be described.

The lower orfree endof bar III has insulatedly mounted thereon a memberIll adapted to support a pivot pin 9, which pin pivotally sup ports apawl |2| which is biased, by a small spring I 23, in a counter-clockwisedirection. 1

A ratchet bar I25 having teeth I 21 in its upper edge, is adapted to beengaged by the hook end of pawl I2I (as seen particularly in Fig. so'.

that as the bimetal bar III fiexes it will move the pawl from oneratchet tooth I21 into another ratchet tooth to the left thereof as seenin Fig.

' 5 of the drawings, and when the bimetal bar I II cools. because of thedeenergization of the toast heating elements, as hereinbefore described,the cooling bimetal bar III will move the ratchet bar in a right-handdirection. A bar or plate I29having a pair of elongated slots I3I andvI33 therein has a bottom horizontally-extending portion I34 by means ofwhich it is fixed on plate 16 and the ratchet bar I25 is biased inalefthand direction by a coil spring I35 connected to a pin I31 fixed inbar I25 and moving in slot I33. A second pin I39 fixed in bar I25 movesin slot I3I.

I provide a stop ratchet I4I pivotally mounted.

on a fixed .pivot pin I43, the pawl I 4| being biased into engagementwith the ratchet teeth I21 by a spring I45. As the bimetal bar I II isfirst heated up and flexed in a clockwise direction (as seen in Fig. 5)and is then cooled, it will cause movement of the ratchet bar I25 towardthe right. This will also, as is evident, cause movement of the.

pin I31 toward the right, this pin being alined with the intermediatepart of the detentarm 13 so that upon sufiicient movement of ratchet barI25 in the right-hand direction, pin I31 will engage the mid portion ofarm 13 causing it to move on its pivotal support in a clockwisedirection to thereby be disengaged from-the projection 19 whereby quickupward movement of the bread carriers and the carriage 51 is permitted.It is obvious that when ratchet bar I 25 is adjusted to the extreme leftthe pin I31 will travel a greater ditsance before contacting detent arm13 than when the ratchet bar I25 is adjusted to the ex- .tr'eme right,thus causing a longer or shorter time period of energization of thetoast-heating when carriers are in the upper or non-toasting position.

With the parts as shown in Fig. 5, a flexing and unfiexing cycle ofbimetal bar I I I, as stated above,

will eifect a right -hand movement of ratchet bar I25 with a consequentmovement of stop lug I41 out of engagement with cam surface I49. Thepawl I4I will prevent a left-hand movement of the ratchet bar I25, underthe influence 0f the spring I35, during subsequent flexing cycles ofbimetal bar I I I to release the detent 13.

Pawls I2I and I are provided withlaterally extending pins I53 and I55normally engaged by a spring bar I51 fixedly mounted at it left-hand endand effective to cause slight upward movements of the respective endsofpawls I2I and I out of engagement 'with the ratchet teeth I 21.

.When the parts are in position as shown in Fig. 5,- the spring bar I51is held out of engagement with the pins I53 and I55 by a downwardprojecting portion 89 of projection 19. When the carriage 51 is releasedto. assume its 'upper position, the portion 80 releases the spring I51to contact the pins I53 and I55. The spring tension of spring I51 issuflicient to overcomethe eifect of biasing springs I45 and I23 thusraising the pawls MI vided' near the right-hand end thereof adapted tobe biased by spring I35 into engagement with the surface of a cam I49,which cam is fixedly supported on a shaft I5I.- It is obvious thatturning movement of shaft I5I and cam I49 mounted thereon inconjunction'with spring I35 will cause right or left-hand movementofratchet bar I25 so that the pawl I2I will engage with a predeterminedratchet tooth I21. shaft I5I is in the position shown in Fig. 5 of thedrawings, the bar. I25 will be in almost its extreme right-handpositionso that movement of the bimetal bar III through only one cycle may besuflicient to cause termination of the crisping operation. If, however,the cam' I49is turned in a counter-clockwise direction. the ratchet bar12 i and the pin I32 fixed therein will he farther toward the left sothat a greater number of necessary berorepin I32 engages arm13 and.tu'rns it to "a disengaging position relatively to extension 19. Thepawls I2I and I: are 'normally in engagement with the teeth I21 ofratchetvbar I25 when the bread carrier carriage 51 is in the lower ortoasting position as shown in Fig. 5' but are out of engagement withteeth I21 Thus if theand I2I up outof engagement with ratchet teeth I21,which permits the biasing spring I35 to return the ratchet bar I 25 'toits previous left-hand position and the lug I41 to engagement with thecam surface I49.

Shaft I 5i is pivotallysupported as by a tubular bearing member I59 (seeFigs. 8 and 13) the knob 21 being mounted on the shaft I5 I outside ofthe front center casing portion 39. Shaft I5I has fixedly mountedthereon a pinion I6I which engages with lower eth at the right-hand endof a rack bar I63. e rack bar therefore rests on pinion I6I while theleft-hand end of rack bar I63 is supportediby a roller I65 suitablysupadapted to move in a substantially semi-circular slot I13, as shownmore particularly in Figs. 8, 9, l0, l4 and 15 of the drawings.

This lost-motion-connection between the tubular member I83 and the shaftI03 is necessary in order'to permit of the operator selecting threediflerent degreesof crisping or of drying of the bread with a'selecteddegree of browning or toasting-of the bread. Thus it is evident that auser might desire light toast of either "softf' medium crisp or crisp"degree of drying while another user might desire "medium" or dark toastwith any one of the different degrees of crisping. As has already beenhereinbefore stated; the degree of browning has no, appreciable effectupon the degree of crisping but'tli'e degree of crisping substantiallythe same degree of heat to which the slice of bread was subjected toobtain a preset degree of browning or toasting. Figs. 9 and 10 show theother two positions of the parts particularly associated with thebrowning control,

10 shows the positions corresponding to that of disc 33 as shown in Fig.3.

When it is desired to inspect the toasting progress during a toastingperiod or to manually ter-' minate a toasting period, the followingmeans are provided. The crisping control means includes another elementassociated with th pivotal mounting of membei- I59 and of shaft Isl, itbeing remembered that ,crisping control cam IE9 is moimted on the innerend of shaft I iii. The shaft supporting the arm 13 of the detent memberhas mounted thereon an arm I15 (see Fig. 5) which is normally positionedclosely to or immediately ad- Jacent to the shaft HI and it is thereforeonlv necessary to efiect an upward movement of knob .21 to effect aslight downward movement of the shaft l5l where it is closely adjacentto or in engagement with arm I15 whereby a clockwise turning movement ofdetent' arm I3 on shaft M will be effected to permit of quick upwardmovement of the carriage plate 51 and of the bread to indicate thechanged degree of the other physical condition.

3. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elements, afirst control means for said heating elements to preset the degree ofcrisping reached by a slice of bread subject to said heating elements, asecond control means for said heating elements to preset the degree oftoastingor browning reached by a slice' of bread carriers 49 toterminate the heat-treating operation of a slice or slices of bread insuch a toaster. While I have illustrated and described specificembodiments of the various detailed devices constituting my invention,it is obvious that my invention is not limited to such details but may Ibe embodied in other similarly operative devices so long as theseoperate in substantially the same manner and for substantially the samepurpose.

Various modifications may be made in the structures embodying myinvention and I desire that all such modifications coming within thescope of the appended claims shall be considered as being coveredthereby.

I claim as my-invention:

1. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elementsand a. plurality of control means for said toast heating elementsadapted to preset the degree of a plurality of difierent physicalconditions reached by a slice of, bread subject to said heatingelements, a change in the degree of one of said physical conditionsefi'ecting a change in the degree of the other physical condition, aplurality of sets of indicia indicating the degrees of the respectivephysical conditions and mechanical means to cause a change in thesetting of one control means to indicate said toast heating elements, achange in the degree of one of said physical conditions eiIecting achange in the degree of the second physical condition, two sets ofindicia cooperating with the respective first and second control meansto indicate the degrees of the respective first and second physicalconditions and mechanical means interconnecting said first control meansand the indicia of said secondcontrol means to cause a change in thesetting of said first control means subject to said heating elements, achange in the degree of crisping efiecting a change in the degree ofbrowning of a slice of bread, a first and a second set of indicia forthe respective browning and crisping control means to indicatethedegrees of browning and of crisping efiected by the heating elements andmeans mechanically interconnecting the crisping control means and theindicia for the browning control means to cause a change in the settingof the crisping control means to indicate the changed degree of thebrowning efiect.

4. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elements, afirst control means for said heating elements to preset the degree ofcrisping reached by a slice of bread subject to said heating elements, asecond control means for said heating elements to preset the degree ofbrowning reached by a slice of bread subject to said heating elements,an increase in the degree of crisping eflectlng an increase in thedegree of browning of a slice of bread, a first and a second set ofindicia .for the respective browning and crisping contro1 means toindicate the degree of browning and of crispingeflected by the heatingelements and means including a rack bar interconnectingthecrispingcontrol means and the indicia for the browning control meansto cause a change in the setting of the crisping control means callingIor. an increase in crisping of a slice of bread to indicate theresultant increase in the degree of browning.

5. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elements, afirst control means for said heating elements to preset the degree ofcrisping reached by a slice of bread subject to said heating elements, asecond control means for said heating elements to preset the degree ofbrowning reached by a slice of bread subject to said heating elements, adecrease in the degree of crisping effecting a decrease in the degree ofbrowning of a slice of bread, a first and a second set of indicia forthe respective browning and crisping control-means to indicate thedegree of browning and of crisping efi'ected by the heating elements andmeans including a rack bar interconnecting the crisping control meansand the indicia for the browning control means to cause a change in thesetting of the crisping control means calling for a decrease in crispingof a slice of bread to indicate the resultant decrease in the degree ofbrowning.

6. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elements, afirst and a second thermal control means for said heating elements forrespectively controlling the degree of browning and crisping of a sliceof bread subject to said heating elements, the degree of crisping beingunaffected by a change in the degree of browning and the degree ofbrowning being eflected by a change in the degree of crisping, a firstmanually-actuable control knob adapted to preset the first named controlmeans and having a pointer thereon, movable indicia cooperating withsaidpointer to indicate the degree. of browning, a second manually-actuablecontrol knob adapted to preset the second control means and having apointer thereon, fixed indicia cooperating with the pointer on saidsecond control means to indicate the degree of crisping, pinions movablerespectively with said movable indicia and said second control knob anda rack bar engaging said pinions and adapted to indicate the new degreeof browning of a slice of bread effected by a new setting 01 the controlknob of the crisping control.

trol knob to preset respectively the first and the second control means,graduation marks movable connecting the crisping control means and themovable graduation marks to indicate the change in the degree ofbrowning efiected by a change in the degree or crisping.

8. In an automatic electric toaster comprising toast heating elements, afirst and a second thermal control means for said heating elementsadapted to control respectively the degree of browning and of crisping01' a slice ot-bread sub- Ject to said heating elements, the degree ofbrowning being increased by an increase in the degree of crisping, afirst and a second manuallyactuable control knob to preset respectivelythe first and the second control means, graduation marks movablerelatively to the browning control knob and adapted to indicate thedegree of relatively to the browning control knob and I adapted toindicate the degree'ot browning to be obtained with a predeterminedsetting or the browning control knob and mechanical means browning to beobtained with a predetermined setting or the browning control knobandmechanical means connecting the crisping control means and the movablegraduation marks to indicate the increase in the degree 01 browningefiected by an increase in the degree of crisping.

- BROR G. OLVING.

